Allow using a custom format selector through API

Closes #1619, #1464

README.md

@@ -1600,14 +1600,14 @@ From a Python program, you can embed yt-dlp in a more powerful fashion, like thi
 ```python
 from yt_dlp import YoutubeDL
 
-ydl_opts = {}
+ydl_opts = {'format': 'bestaudio'}
 with YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl:
     ydl.download(['https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc'])
 ```
 
 Most likely, you'll want to use various options. For a list of options available, have a look at [`yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py`](yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py#L154-L452).
 
-Here's a more complete example of a program that outputs only errors (and a short message after the download is finished), converts the video to an mp3 file, implements a custom postprocessor and prints the final info_dict as json:
+Here's a more complete example demonstrating various functionality:
 
 ```python
 import json
@@ -1633,23 +1633,56 @@ class MyLogger:
         print(msg)
 
 
+# ℹ️ See the docstring of yt_dlp.postprocessor.common.PostProcessor
 class MyCustomPP(yt_dlp.postprocessor.PostProcessor):
+    # ℹ️ See docstring of yt_dlp.postprocessor.common.PostProcessor.run
     def run(self, info):
         self.to_screen('Doing stuff')
         return [], info
 
 
+# ℹ️ See "progress_hooks" in the docstring of yt_dlp.YoutubeDL
 def my_hook(d):
     if d['status'] == 'finished':
         print('Done downloading, now converting ...')
 
 
+def format_selector(ctx):
+    """ Select the best video and the best audio that won't result in an mkv.
+    This is just an example and does not handle all cases """
+
+    # formats are already sorted worst to best
+    formats = ctx.get('formats')[::-1]
+
+    # acodec='none' means there is no audio
+    best_video = next(f for f in formats
+                      if f['vcodec'] != 'none' and f['acodec'] == 'none')
+
+    # find compatible audio extension
+    audio_ext = {'mp4': 'm4a', 'webm': 'webm'}[best_video['ext']]
+    # vcodec='none' means there is no video
+    best_audio = next(f for f in formats if (
+        f['acodec'] != 'none' and f['vcodec'] == 'none' and f['ext'] == audio_ext))
+
+    yield {
+        # These are the minimum required fields for a merged format
+        'format_id': f'{best_video["format_id"]}+{best_audio["format_id"]}',
+        'ext': best_video['ext'],
+        'requested_formats': [best_video, best_audio],
+        # Must be + seperated list of protocols
+        'protocol': f'{best_video["protocol"]}+{best_audio["protocol"]}'
+    }
+
+
+# ℹ️ See docstring of yt_dlp.YoutubeDL for a description of the options
 ydl_opts = {
-    'format': 'bestaudio/best',
+    'format': format_selector,
     'postprocessors': [{
-        'key': 'FFmpegExtractAudio',
+        # Embed metadata in video using ffmpeg.
-        'preferredcodec': 'mp3',
+        # ℹ️ See yt_dlp.postprocessor.FFmpegMetadataPP for the arguments it accepts
-        'preferredquality': '192',
+        'key': 'FFmpegMetadata',
+        'add_chapters': True,
+        'add_metadata': True,
     }],
     'logger': MyLogger(),
     'progress_hooks': [my_hook],
@@ -1659,14 +1692,16 @@ ydl_opts = {
 # Add custom headers
 yt_dlp.utils.std_headers.update({'Referer': 'https://www.google.com'})
 
+# ℹ️ See the public functions in yt_dlp.YoutubeDL for for other available functions.
+# Eg: "ydl.download", "ydl.download_with_info_file"
 with yt_dlp.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl:
     ydl.add_post_processor(MyCustomPP())
     info = ydl.extract_info('https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc')
+
+    # ℹ️ ydl.sanitize_info makes the info json-serializable
     print(json.dumps(ydl.sanitize_info(info)))
 ```
 
-See the public functions in [`yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py`](yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py) for other available functions. Eg: `ydl.download`, `ydl.download_with_info_file`
-
 **Tip**: If you are porting your code from youtube-dl to yt-dlp, one important point to look out for is that we do not guarantee the return value of `YoutubeDL.extract_info` to be json serializable, or even be a dictionary. It will be dictionary-like, but if you want to ensure it is a serializable dictionary, pass it through `YoutubeDL.sanitize_info` as shown in the example above
 
 

yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py

@@ -211,6 +211,9 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
     simulate:          Do not download the video files. If unset (or None),
                        simulate only if listsubtitles, listformats or list_thumbnails is used
     format:            Video format code. see "FORMAT SELECTION" for more details.
+                       You can also pass a function. The function takes 'ctx' as
+                       argument and returns the formats to download.
+                       See "build_format_selector" for an implementation
     allow_unplayable_formats:   Allow unplayable formats to be extracted and downloaded.
     ignore_no_formats_error: Ignore "No video formats" error. Usefull for
                        extracting metadata even if the video is not actually
@@ -613,6 +616,7 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
         # Creating format selector here allows us to catch syntax errors before the extraction
         self.format_selector = (
             None if self.params.get('format') is None
+            else self.params['format'] if callable(self.params['format'])
             else self.build_format_selector(self.params['format']))
 
         self._setup_opener()
@@ -1927,9 +1931,9 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
                 'format_id': '+'.join(filtered('format_id')),
                 'ext': output_ext,
                 'protocol': '+'.join(map(determine_protocol, formats_info)),
-                'language': '+'.join(orderedSet(filtered('language'))),
+                'language': '+'.join(orderedSet(filtered('language'))) or None,
-                'format_note': '+'.join(orderedSet(filtered('format_note'))),
+                'format_note': '+'.join(orderedSet(filtered('format_note'))) or None,
-                'filesize_approx': sum(filtered('filesize', 'filesize_approx')),
+                'filesize_approx': sum(filtered('filesize', 'filesize_approx')) or None,
                 'tbr': sum(filtered('tbr', 'vbr', 'abr')),
             }
 
@@ -2357,6 +2361,9 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
 
         info_dict, _ = self.pre_process(info_dict)
 
+        # The pre-processors may have modified the formats
+        formats = info_dict.get('formats', [info_dict])
+
         if self.params.get('list_thumbnails'):
             self.list_thumbnails(info_dict)
         if self.params.get('listformats'):