If the block reward was too high, the verification failed flag
was set, but the function continued. The code which was supposed
to trap this flag and return failure failed to trap it, and,
while the block was not added to the chain, the function would
return success.
The reason for avoiding returning when the block reward problem
was detected was to be able to return any transactions to the
pool if needed. This is now mooted by moving the transaction
return code to a separate function, which is now called at all
appropriate points, making the logic much simpler, and hopefully
correct now.
We also move the hard fork version check after the prev_id check,
as block which does not go on the top of the chain might not
have the expected version there, without being invalid just for
this reason.
Last, we trap the case where a block fails to be added due to
using already spent key images, to set the verification failed
flag.
This fixes some double spending tests.
This may or may not be unneeded in normal (non test) circumstances,
to be determined later. Keeping these for now may be slower, but safer.
Block reward may now be less than the full amount allowed.
This was breaking the bitflipping test.
We now keep track of whether a block which was accepted by the core
has a lower than allowed block reward, and allow this in the test.
The check was explicit in the original version, so it seems
safer to make it explicit here, especially as it is now done
implicitely in a different place, away from the original check.
The core tests use the blockchain, and reset it to be able
to add test data to it. This does not play nice with the
databases, since those will save that data without an explicit
save call.
We add a fakechain flag that the tests will set, which tells
the core and blockchain code to use a separate database, as
well as skip a few things like checkpoints and fixup, which
only make sense for real data.
This fixes coretests, which does not register daemon specific arguments,
but uses core, which uses those arguments. Also gets rid of an unwanted
dependency on daemon code from core.
Early DB versions did not store key images for inputs if the
transaction spending them had no outputs (ie, all fee). This
is not correct, as this would allow these outputs to be double
spent. This was fixed in 533acc30ed
a few months ago, but databases having synced blocks 2021612 and
685498 with a faulty version will be missing those key images
in the spent keys database. This code checks for this, and adds
those key images if they are missing.
This allows them to be saved as a fixed (one byte) chunk whatever
the value. Using a varint will use two bytes as the high bit gets
set.
This is backward compatible with current usage (0-2 values).
d887c18 hardfork: fix more major/minor issues (moneromooo-monero)
3b47ca2 hardfork: fix rescan on load (moneromooo-monero)
4cea2b1 Add IP blocking for misbehaving nodes (adapted from Boolberry) (Javier Smooth)
9c64b12 quiet down p2p logging a bit (Javier Smooth)
53c75ab blockchain: log versions as numbers, not characters (moneromooo-monero)
edade8d hardfork: fix actual/voting confusion (moneromooo-monero)
Also add some more tests, and rename some instances of
"version" and "add" for clarity.
NOTE: the starting height values are sometimes wrong.
I suspect this is due to the hard fork reorg code being
buggy, since they're good when syncing after the fact.
However, they're not actually used by the consensus code,
so I'm ignoring this for now, but this needs debugging.
The last relayed time of a transaction is maintained, and
transactions will be relayed again if they are still in the
pool after a certain amount of time, which increases with
the transaction's age. All such transactions are resent,
whether or not they originated on the local node.
Use the correct block time for realtime fuzz on locktime
Use the correct block time to calculate next_difficulty on alt chains (will not work as-is with voting)
Lock unit tests to original block time for now
43bca0d blockchain_utilities: new blockchain_dump diagnostic tool (moneromooo-monero)
5f397e4 Add functions to iterate through blocks, txes, outputs, key images (moneromooo-monero)
0a5a5e8 db_bdb: record numbers for recno databases start at 1 (moneromooo-monero)
50dfdc0 db_bdb: DB_KEYEMPTY is also not found for non-top recon fields (moneromooo-monero)
572780e blockchain_db: use the DNE exceptions where appropriate (moneromooo-monero)
The wallet and the daemon applied different height considerations
when selecting outputs to use. This can leak information on which
input in a ring signature is the real one.
Found and originally fixed by smooth on Aeon.
Using major version would cause older daemons to reject those
blocks as they fail to deserialize blocks with a major version
which is not 1. There is no such restriction on the minor
version, so switching allows older daemons to coexist with
newer ones till the actual fork date, when most will hopefully
have updated already.
Also, for the same reason, we consider a vote for 0 to be a
vote for 1, since older daemons set minor version to 0.
This allows knowing the hard fork a block must obey in order to be
added to the blockchain. The previous semantics would use that new
block's version vote to determine this hard fork, which made it
impossible to use the rules to validate transactions entering the
tx pool (and made it impossible to validate a block before adding
it to the blockchain).
The height function apparently used to return the index of
the last block, rather than the height of the chain. This now
seems to be incorrect, judging the the code, so we remove the
now wrong comment, as well as a couple +/- 1 adjustments
which now cause the median calculation to differ from the
original blockchain_storage version.
It was only used by the older blockchain_storage.
We also move the code to the calling blockchain level, to avoid
replicating the code in every DB implementation. This also makes
the get_random_out method obsolete, and we delete it.
Pros:
- smaller on the blockchain
- shorter integrated addresses
Cons:
- less sparseness
- less ability to embed actual information
The boolean argument to encrypt payment ids is now gone from the
RPC calls, since the decision is made based on the length of the
payment id passed.
A payment ID may be encrypted using the tx secret key and the
receiver's public view key. The receiver can decrypt it with
the tx public key and the receiver's secret view key.
Using integrated addresses now cause the payment IDs to be
encrypted. Payment IDs used manually are not encrypted by default,
but can be encrypted using the new 'encrypt_payment_id' field
in the transfer and transfer_split RPC calls. It is not possible
to use an encrypted payment ID by specifying a manual simplewallet
transfer/transfer_new command, though this is just a limitation
due to input parsing.
Bockchain:
1. Optim: Multi-thread long-hash computation when encountering groups of blocks.
2. Optim: Cache verified txs and return result from cache instead of re-checking whenever possible.
3. Optim: Preload output-keys when encoutering groups of blocks. Sort by amount and global-index before bulk querying database and multi-thread when possible.
4. Optim: Disable double spend check on block verification, double spend is already detected when trying to add blocks.
5. Optim: Multi-thread signature computation whenever possible.
6. Patch: Disable locking (recursive mutex) on called functions from check_tx_inputs which causes slowdowns (only seems to happen on ubuntu/VMs??? Reason: TBD)
7. Optim: Removed looped full-tx hash computation when retrieving transactions from pool (???).
8. Optim: Cache difficulty/timestamps (735 blocks) for next-difficulty calculations so that only 2 db reads per new block is needed when a new block arrives (instead of 1470 reads).
Berkeley-DB:
1. Fix: 32-bit data errors causing wrong output global indices and failure to send blocks to peers (etc).
2. Fix: Unable to pop blocks on reorganize due to transaction errors.
3. Patch: Large number of transaction aborts when running multi-threaded bulk queries.
4. Patch: Insufficient locks error when running full sync.
5. Patch: Incorrect db stats when returning from an immediate exit from "pop block" operation.
6. Optim: Add bulk queries to get output global indices.
7. Optim: Modified output_keys table to store public_key+unlock_time+height for single transaction lookup (vs 3)
8. Optim: Used output_keys table retrieve public_keys instead of going through output_amounts->output_txs+output_indices->txs->output:public_key
9. Optim: Added thread-safe buffers used when multi-threading bulk queries.
10. Optim: Added support for nosync/write_nosync options for improved performance (*see --db-sync-mode option for details)
11. Mod: Added checkpoint thread and auto-remove-logs option.
12. *Now usable on 32-bit systems like RPI2.
LMDB:
1. Optim: Added custom comparison for 256-bit key tables (minor speed-up, TBD: get actual effect)
2. Optim: Modified output_keys table to store public_key+unlock_time+height for single transaction lookup (vs 3)
3. Optim: Used output_keys table retrieve public_keys instead of going through output_amounts->output_txs+output_indices->txs->output:public_key
4. Optim: Added support for sync/writemap options for improved performance (*see --db-sync-mode option for details)
5. Mod: Auto resize to +1GB instead of multiplier x1.5
ETC:
1. Minor optimizations for slow-hash for ARM (RPI2). Incomplete.
2. Fix: 32-bit saturation bug when computing next difficulty on large blocks.
[PENDING ISSUES]
1. Berkely db has a very slow "pop-block" operation. This is very noticeable on the RPI2 as it sometimes takes > 10 MINUTES to pop a block during reorganization.
This does not happen very often however, most reorgs seem to take a few seconds but it possibly depends on the number of outputs present. TBD.
2. Berkeley db, possible bug "unable to allocate memory". TBD.
[NEW OPTIONS] (*Currently all enabled for testing purposes)
1. --fast-block-sync arg=[0:1] (default: 1)
a. 0 = Compute long hash per block (may take a while depending on CPU)
b. 1 = Skip long-hash and verify blocks based on embedded known good block hashes (faster, minimal CPU dependence)
2. --db-sync-mode arg=[[safe|fast|fastest]:[sync|async]:[nblocks_per_sync]] (default: fastest:async:1000)
a. safe = fdatasync/fsync (or equivalent) per stored block. Very slow, but safest option to protect against power-out/crash conditions.
b. fast/fastest = Enables asynchronous fdatasync/fsync (or equivalent). Useful for battery operated devices or STABLE systems with UPS and/or systems with battery backed write cache/solid state cache.
Fast - Write meta-data but defer data flush.
Fastest - Defer meta-data and data flush.
Sync - Flush data after nblocks_per_sync and wait.
Async - Flush data after nblocks_per_sync but do not wait for the operation to finish.
3. --prep-blocks-threads arg=[n] (default: 4 or system max threads, whichever is lower)
Max number of threads to use when computing long-hash in groups.
4. --show-time-stats arg=[0:1] (default: 1)
Show benchmark related time stats.
5. --db-auto-remove-logs arg=[0:1] (default: 1)
For berkeley-db only. Auto remove logs if enabled.
**Note: lmdb and berkeley-db have changes to the tables and are not compatible with official git head version.
At the moment, you need a full resync to use this optimized version.
[PERFORMANCE COMPARISON]
**Some figures are approximations only.
Using a baseline machine of an i7-2600K+SSD+(with full pow computation):
1. The optimized lmdb/blockhain core can process blocks up to 585K for ~1.25 hours + download time, so it usually takes 2.5 hours to sync the full chain.
2. The current head with memory can process blocks up to 585K for ~4.2 hours + download time, so it usually takes 5.5 hours to sync the full chain.
3. The current head with lmdb can process blocks up to 585K for ~32 hours + download time and usually takes 36 hours to sync the full chain.
Averate procesing times (with full pow computation):
lmdb-optimized:
1. tx_ave = 2.5 ms / tx
2. block_ave = 5.87 ms / block
memory-official-repo:
1. tx_ave = 8.85 ms / tx
2. block_ave = 19.68 ms / block
lmdb-official-repo (0f4a036437)
1. tx_ave = 47.8 ms / tx
2. block_ave = 64.2 ms / block
**Note: The following data denotes processing times only (does not include p2p download time)
lmdb-optimized processing times (with full pow computation):
1. Desktop, Quad-core / 8-threads 2600k (8Mb) - 1.25 hours processing time (--db-sync-mode=fastest:async:1000).
2. Laptop, Dual-core / 4-threads U4200 (3Mb) - 4.90 hours processing time (--db-sync-mode=fastest:async:1000).
3. Embedded, Quad-core / 4-threads Z3735F (2x1Mb) - 12.0 hours processing time (--db-sync-mode=fastest:async:1000).
lmdb-optimized processing times (with per-block-checkpoint)
1. Desktop, Quad-core / 8-threads 2600k (8Mb) - 10 minutes processing time (--db-sync-mode=fastest:async:1000).
berkeley-db optimized processing times (with full pow computation)
1. Desktop, Quad-core / 8-threads 2600k (8Mb) - 1.8 hours processing time (--db-sync-mode=fastest:async:1000).
2. RPI2. Improved from estimated 3 months(???) into 2.5 days (*Need 2AMP supply + Clock:1Ghz + [usb+ssd] to achieve this speed) (--db-sync-mode=fastest:async:1000).
berkeley-db optimized processing times (with per-block-checkpoint)
1. RPI2. 12-15 hours (*Need 2AMP supply + Clock:1Ghz + [usb+ssd] to achieve this speed) (--db-sync-mode=fastest:async:1000).
