The height function apparently used to return the index of
the last block, rather than the height of the chain. This now
seems to be incorrect, judging the the code, so we remove the
now wrong comment, as well as a couple +/- 1 adjustments
which now cause the median calculation to differ from the
original blockchain_storage version.
It was only used by the older blockchain_storage.
We also move the code to the calling blockchain level, to avoid
replicating the code in every DB implementation. This also makes
the get_random_out method obsolete, and we delete it.
Bockchain:
1. Optim: Multi-thread long-hash computation when encountering groups of blocks.
2. Optim: Cache verified txs and return result from cache instead of re-checking whenever possible.
3. Optim: Preload output-keys when encoutering groups of blocks. Sort by amount and global-index before bulk querying database and multi-thread when possible.
4. Optim: Disable double spend check on block verification, double spend is already detected when trying to add blocks.
5. Optim: Multi-thread signature computation whenever possible.
6. Patch: Disable locking (recursive mutex) on called functions from check_tx_inputs which causes slowdowns (only seems to happen on ubuntu/VMs??? Reason: TBD)
7. Optim: Removed looped full-tx hash computation when retrieving transactions from pool (???).
8. Optim: Cache difficulty/timestamps (735 blocks) for next-difficulty calculations so that only 2 db reads per new block is needed when a new block arrives (instead of 1470 reads).
Berkeley-DB:
1. Fix: 32-bit data errors causing wrong output global indices and failure to send blocks to peers (etc).
2. Fix: Unable to pop blocks on reorganize due to transaction errors.
3. Patch: Large number of transaction aborts when running multi-threaded bulk queries.
4. Patch: Insufficient locks error when running full sync.
5. Patch: Incorrect db stats when returning from an immediate exit from "pop block" operation.
6. Optim: Add bulk queries to get output global indices.
7. Optim: Modified output_keys table to store public_key+unlock_time+height for single transaction lookup (vs 3)
8. Optim: Used output_keys table retrieve public_keys instead of going through output_amounts->output_txs+output_indices->txs->output:public_key
9. Optim: Added thread-safe buffers used when multi-threading bulk queries.
10. Optim: Added support for nosync/write_nosync options for improved performance (*see --db-sync-mode option for details)
11. Mod: Added checkpoint thread and auto-remove-logs option.
12. *Now usable on 32-bit systems like RPI2.
LMDB:
1. Optim: Added custom comparison for 256-bit key tables (minor speed-up, TBD: get actual effect)
2. Optim: Modified output_keys table to store public_key+unlock_time+height for single transaction lookup (vs 3)
3. Optim: Used output_keys table retrieve public_keys instead of going through output_amounts->output_txs+output_indices->txs->output:public_key
4. Optim: Added support for sync/writemap options for improved performance (*see --db-sync-mode option for details)
5. Mod: Auto resize to +1GB instead of multiplier x1.5
ETC:
1. Minor optimizations for slow-hash for ARM (RPI2). Incomplete.
2. Fix: 32-bit saturation bug when computing next difficulty on large blocks.
[PENDING ISSUES]
1. Berkely db has a very slow "pop-block" operation. This is very noticeable on the RPI2 as it sometimes takes > 10 MINUTES to pop a block during reorganization.
This does not happen very often however, most reorgs seem to take a few seconds but it possibly depends on the number of outputs present. TBD.
2. Berkeley db, possible bug "unable to allocate memory". TBD.
[NEW OPTIONS] (*Currently all enabled for testing purposes)
1. --fast-block-sync arg=[0:1] (default: 1)
a. 0 = Compute long hash per block (may take a while depending on CPU)
b. 1 = Skip long-hash and verify blocks based on embedded known good block hashes (faster, minimal CPU dependence)
2. --db-sync-mode arg=[[safe|fast|fastest]:[sync|async]:[nblocks_per_sync]] (default: fastest:async:1000)
a. safe = fdatasync/fsync (or equivalent) per stored block. Very slow, but safest option to protect against power-out/crash conditions.
b. fast/fastest = Enables asynchronous fdatasync/fsync (or equivalent). Useful for battery operated devices or STABLE systems with UPS and/or systems with battery backed write cache/solid state cache.
Fast - Write meta-data but defer data flush.
Fastest - Defer meta-data and data flush.
Sync - Flush data after nblocks_per_sync and wait.
Async - Flush data after nblocks_per_sync but do not wait for the operation to finish.
3. --prep-blocks-threads arg=[n] (default: 4 or system max threads, whichever is lower)
Max number of threads to use when computing long-hash in groups.
4. --show-time-stats arg=[0:1] (default: 1)
Show benchmark related time stats.
5. --db-auto-remove-logs arg=[0:1] (default: 1)
For berkeley-db only. Auto remove logs if enabled.
**Note: lmdb and berkeley-db have changes to the tables and are not compatible with official git head version.
At the moment, you need a full resync to use this optimized version.
[PERFORMANCE COMPARISON]
**Some figures are approximations only.
Using a baseline machine of an i7-2600K+SSD+(with full pow computation):
1. The optimized lmdb/blockhain core can process blocks up to 585K for ~1.25 hours + download time, so it usually takes 2.5 hours to sync the full chain.
2. The current head with memory can process blocks up to 585K for ~4.2 hours + download time, so it usually takes 5.5 hours to sync the full chain.
3. The current head with lmdb can process blocks up to 585K for ~32 hours + download time and usually takes 36 hours to sync the full chain.
Averate procesing times (with full pow computation):
lmdb-optimized:
1. tx_ave = 2.5 ms / tx
2. block_ave = 5.87 ms / block
memory-official-repo:
1. tx_ave = 8.85 ms / tx
2. block_ave = 19.68 ms / block
lmdb-official-repo (0f4a036437)
1. tx_ave = 47.8 ms / tx
2. block_ave = 64.2 ms / block
**Note: The following data denotes processing times only (does not include p2p download time)
lmdb-optimized processing times (with full pow computation):
1. Desktop, Quad-core / 8-threads 2600k (8Mb) - 1.25 hours processing time (--db-sync-mode=fastest:async:1000).
2. Laptop, Dual-core / 4-threads U4200 (3Mb) - 4.90 hours processing time (--db-sync-mode=fastest:async:1000).
3. Embedded, Quad-core / 4-threads Z3735F (2x1Mb) - 12.0 hours processing time (--db-sync-mode=fastest:async:1000).
lmdb-optimized processing times (with per-block-checkpoint)
1. Desktop, Quad-core / 8-threads 2600k (8Mb) - 10 minutes processing time (--db-sync-mode=fastest:async:1000).
berkeley-db optimized processing times (with full pow computation)
1. Desktop, Quad-core / 8-threads 2600k (8Mb) - 1.8 hours processing time (--db-sync-mode=fastest:async:1000).
2. RPI2. Improved from estimated 3 months(???) into 2.5 days (*Need 2AMP supply + Clock:1Ghz + [usb+ssd] to achieve this speed) (--db-sync-mode=fastest:async:1000).
berkeley-db optimized processing times (with per-block-checkpoint)
1. RPI2. 12-15 hours (*Need 2AMP supply + Clock:1Ghz + [usb+ssd] to achieve this speed) (--db-sync-mode=fastest:async:1000).
There will need to be some more refactoring for these changes to be
considered complete/correct, but for now it's working.
new daemon cli argument "--db-type", works for LMDB and BerkeleyDB.
A good deal of refactoring is also present in this commit, namely
Blockchain no longer instantiates BlockchainDB, but rather is passed a
pointer to an already-instantiated BlockchainDB on init().
Add support to:
- BlockchainDB, BlockchainLMDB
- blockchain_import utility to open LMDB database with one or more
LMDB flags.
Sample use:
$ blockchain_import --database lmdb#nosync
$ blockchain_import --database lmdb#nosync,nometasync
In order to make things more general, BlockchainDB now has get_db_name()
which should return a string with the "name" of that type of db.
This "name" will be the subfolder name that holds that db type's files
within the monero folder.
Small bugfix: blockchain_converter was not correctly appending this in
the prior hard-coded-string implementation of the subfolder data
directory concept.
Ostensibly janitorial work, but should be more relevant later down the
line. Things that depend on core cryptonote things (i.e.
cryptonote_core) don't necessarily depend on BlockchainDB and thus
have no need to have BlockchainDB baked in with them.
It expects the total number of blocks of main chain, not last block id
(off-by-one error).
This again behaves like the same height assertion done in original
implementation in blockchain_storage::handle_alternative_block().
This allows a reorganization to proceed after an alternative block has
been added.
difficulty.
This fixes the continual reorganization between a main and alternate
chain, using the same two latest blocks from each.
The check that cumulative difficulty of the alternate chain is bigger
than main's was not using main's last block, but incorrectly using the
passed-in block's previous block. main_chain_cumulative_difficulty was
being used in two different ways. This has been split up to keep use
of main_chain_cumulative_difficulty consistent.
Remove have_block() check from Blockchain::handle_block_to_main_chain().
Add logging to have_block().
This allows blockchain reorganization to proceed further.
have_block() check here causes an error after a blockchain reorganize
begins with error: "Attempting to add block to main chain, but it's
already either there or in an alternate chain."
While reorganizing to become the main chain, a block in the
alternative chain would be refused due to have_block() rightfully
finding it in the alternative chain. The reorganization would end in
rollback, restoring to previous blockchain.
Original implementation didn't call it here, and it doesn't appear
necessary to be called from here in this implementation either. When
needed, it appears it's called prior to handle_block_to_main_chain().
Use last block id, not number of blocks (off-by-one error).
Fixes error at start of blockchain reorganization: "Attempt to get
cumulative difficulty from height <XXXXXX> failed -- difficulty not in
db"
Implement BlockchainLMDB::get_output_global_index()
- returns global output index for a given amount and amount output
index.
Add information to debug statement for failed ring signature check
within Blockchain::check_tx_inputs()
Fixes bitmonerod RPC call "/getrandom_outs.bin" to return correct
output keys, used in creating a transaction with mixins.
TODO: get_output_global_index() could be refactored with part of
get_output_tx_and_index() as the latter uses the former's
functionality. Keep track of LMDB read transaction.
Fix Blockchain::get_tx_outputs_gindexs() to return amount output
indices.
Implement BlockchainLMDB::get_tx_amount_output_indices() and call it
from the function instead of BlockchainLMDB::get_tx_output_indices()
Previously, Blockchain::get_tx_outputs_gindexs() was instead returning
global output indices, which are internal to LMDB databases.
Allows bitmonerod RPC /get_o_indexes.bin to return the amount output
indices as expected.
Allows simplewallet refresh to set correct amount output indices for
incoming transfers. simplewallet can now construct and send valid
transactions (currently only without mixins).
This is a fix that doesn't require altering the structure of the
current LMDB databases.
TODO:
This can be done more efficiently by adding another LMDB database
(key-value table).
It's not used during regular transaction validation by bitmonerod. I
think it's currently used only or mainly by simplewallet for just its
own incoming transactions. So the current behavior is not a primary
bottleneck.
Currently, it's using the "output_amounts" database, walking through a
given amount's list of values, comparing each one to a given global
output index. The iteration number of the match is the desired result:
the amount output index. This is done for each global output index of
the transaction.
A tx's amount output indices can be stored in various other ways
allowing for faster lookup. Since a tx is only written once, there are
no special future write requirements for its list of indices.
Fixes problem of obtaining incorrect outputs used for tx input.
Reverts to earlier intended behavior that was fixed in previous
commit's split of get_output_tx_and_index into two functions.
