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MicroPython_PN532/adafruit_pn532/adafruit_pn532.py

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# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015-2018 Tony DiCola for Adafruit Industries
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
"""
``adafruit_pn532``
====================================================
This module will let you communicate with a PN532 RFID/NFC shield or breakout
using I2C, SPI or UART.
* Author(s): Original Raspberry Pi code by Tony DiCola, CircuitPython by ladyada
Implementation Notes
--------------------
**Hardware:**
* Adafruit `PN532 Breakout <https://www.adafruit.com/product/364>`_
* Adafruit `PN532 Shield <https://www.adafruit.com/product/789>`_
**Software and Dependencies:**
* Adafruit CircuitPython firmware for the supported boards:
https://github.com/adafruit/circuitpython/releases
* Adafruit's Bus Device library: https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_BusDevice
"""
import time
from digitalio import Direction
from micropython import const
__version__ = "0.0.0-auto.0"
__repo__ = "https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_PN532.git"
_PREAMBLE = const(0x00)
_STARTCODE1 = const(0x00)
_STARTCODE2 = const(0xFF)
_POSTAMBLE = const(0x00)
_HOSTTOPN532 = const(0xD4)
_PN532TOHOST = const(0xD5)
# PN532 Commands
_COMMAND_DIAGNOSE = const(0x00)
_COMMAND_GETFIRMWAREVERSION = const(0x02)
_COMMAND_GETGENERALSTATUS = const(0x04)
_COMMAND_READREGISTER = const(0x06)
_COMMAND_WRITEREGISTER = const(0x08)
_COMMAND_READGPIO = const(0x0C)
_COMMAND_WRITEGPIO = const(0x0E)
_COMMAND_SETSERIALBAUDRATE = const(0x10)
_COMMAND_SETPARAMETERS = const(0x12)
_COMMAND_SAMCONFIGURATION = const(0x14)
_COMMAND_POWERDOWN = const(0x16)
_COMMAND_RFCONFIGURATION = const(0x32)
_COMMAND_RFREGULATIONTEST = const(0x58)
_COMMAND_INJUMPFORDEP = const(0x56)
_COMMAND_INJUMPFORPSL = const(0x46)
_COMMAND_INLISTPASSIVETARGET = const(0x4A)
_COMMAND_INATR = const(0x50)
_COMMAND_INPSL = const(0x4E)
_COMMAND_INDATAEXCHANGE = const(0x40)
_COMMAND_INCOMMUNICATETHRU = const(0x42)
_COMMAND_INDESELECT = const(0x44)
_COMMAND_INRELEASE = const(0x52)
_COMMAND_INSELECT = const(0x54)
_COMMAND_INAUTOPOLL = const(0x60)
_COMMAND_TGINITASTARGET = const(0x8C)
_COMMAND_TGSETGENERALBYTES = const(0x92)
_COMMAND_TGGETDATA = const(0x86)
_COMMAND_TGSETDATA = const(0x8E)
_COMMAND_TGSETMETADATA = const(0x94)
_COMMAND_TGGETINITIATORCOMMAND = const(0x88)
_COMMAND_TGRESPONSETOINITIATOR = const(0x90)
_COMMAND_TGGETTARGETSTATUS = const(0x8A)
_RESPONSE_INDATAEXCHANGE = const(0x41)
_RESPONSE_INLISTPASSIVETARGET = const(0x4B)
_WAKEUP = const(0x55)
_MIFARE_ISO14443A = const(0x00)
# Mifare Commands
MIFARE_CMD_AUTH_A = const(0x60)
MIFARE_CMD_AUTH_B = const(0x61)
MIFARE_CMD_READ = const(0x30)
MIFARE_CMD_WRITE = const(0xA0)
MIFARE_CMD_TRANSFER = const(0xB0)
MIFARE_CMD_DECREMENT = const(0xC0)
MIFARE_CMD_INCREMENT = const(0xC1)
MIFARE_CMD_STORE = const(0xC2)
MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_CMD_WRITE = const(0xA2)
# Prefixes for NDEF Records (to identify record type)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_NONE = const(0x00)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_HTTP_WWWDOT = const(0x01)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_HTTPS_WWWDOT = const(0x02)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_HTTP = const(0x03)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_HTTPS = const(0x04)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_TEL = const(0x05)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_MAILTO = const(0x06)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_FTP_ANONAT = const(0x07)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_FTP_FTPDOT = const(0x08)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_FTPS = const(0x09)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_SFTP = const(0x0A)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_SMB = const(0x0B)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_NFS = const(0x0C)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_FTP = const(0x0D)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_DAV = const(0x0E)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_NEWS = const(0x0F)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_TELNET = const(0x10)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_IMAP = const(0x11)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_RTSP = const(0x12)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_URN = const(0x13)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_POP = const(0x14)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_SIP = const(0x15)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_SIPS = const(0x16)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_TFTP = const(0x17)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_BTSPP = const(0x18)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_BTL2CAP = const(0x19)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_BTGOEP = const(0x1A)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_TCPOBEX = const(0x1B)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_IRDAOBEX = const(0x1C)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_FILE = const(0x1D)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_URN_EPC_ID = const(0x1E)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_URN_EPC_TAG = const(0x1F)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_URN_EPC_PAT = const(0x20)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_URN_EPC_RAW = const(0x21)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_URN_EPC = const(0x22)
NDEF_URIPREFIX_URN_NFC = const(0x23)
_GPIO_VALIDATIONBIT = const(0x80)
_GPIO_P30 = const(0)
_GPIO_P31 = const(1)
_GPIO_P32 = const(2)
_GPIO_P33 = const(3)
_GPIO_P34 = const(4)
_GPIO_P35 = const(5)
_ACK = b"\x00\x00\xFF\x00\xFF\x00"
_FRAME_START = b"\x00\x00\xFF"
class BusyError(Exception):
"""Base class for exceptions in this module."""
class PN532:
"""PN532 driver base, must be extended for I2C/SPI/UART interfacing"""
def __init__(self, *, debug=False, irq=None, reset=None):
"""Create an instance of the PN532 class"""
self.low_power = True
self.debug = debug
self._irq = irq
self._reset_pin = reset
self.reset()
_ = self.firmware_version
def _read_data(self, count):
# Read raw data from device, not including status bytes:
# Subclasses MUST implement this!
raise NotImplementedError
def _write_data(self, framebytes):
# Write raw bytestring data to device, not including status bytes:
# Subclasses MUST implement this!
raise NotImplementedError
def _wait_ready(self, timeout):
# Check if busy up to max length of 'timeout' seconds
# Subclasses MUST implement this!
raise NotImplementedError
def _wakeup(self):
# Send special command to wake up
raise NotImplementedError
def reset(self):
"""Perform a hardware reset toggle and then wake up the PN532"""
if self._reset_pin:
if self.debug:
print("Resetting")
self._reset_pin.direction = Direction.OUTPUT
self._reset_pin.value = False
time.sleep(0.1)
self._reset_pin.value = True
time.sleep(0.1)
self._wakeup()
def _write_frame(self, data):
"""Write a frame to the PN532 with the specified data bytearray."""
assert (
data is not None and 1 < len(data) < 255
), "Data must be array of 1 to 255 bytes."
# Build frame to send as:
# - Preamble (0x00)
# - Start code (0x00, 0xFF)
# - Command length (1 byte)
# - Command length checksum
# - Command bytes
# - Checksum
# - Postamble (0x00)
length = len(data)
frame = bytearray(length + 8)
frame[0] = _PREAMBLE
frame[1] = _STARTCODE1
frame[2] = _STARTCODE2
checksum = sum(frame[0:3])
frame[3] = length & 0xFF
frame[4] = (~length + 1) & 0xFF
frame[5:-2] = data
checksum += sum(data)
frame[-2] = ~checksum & 0xFF
frame[-1] = _POSTAMBLE
# Send frame.
if self.debug:
print("Write frame: ", [hex(i) for i in frame])
self._write_data(bytes(frame))
def _read_frame(self, length):
"""Read a response frame from the PN532 of at most length bytes in size.
Returns the data inside the frame if found, otherwise raises an exception
if there is an error parsing the frame. Note that less than length bytes
might be returned!
"""
# Read frame with expected length of data.
response = self._read_data(length + 7)
if self.debug:
print("Read frame:", [hex(i) for i in response])
# Swallow all the 0x00 values that preceed 0xFF.
offset = 0
while response[offset] == 0x00:
offset += 1
if offset >= len(response):
raise RuntimeError("Response frame preamble does not contain 0x00FF!")
if response[offset] != 0xFF:
raise RuntimeError("Response frame preamble does not contain 0x00FF!")
offset += 1
if offset >= len(response):
raise RuntimeError("Response contains no data!")
# Check length & length checksum match.
frame_len = response[offset]
if (frame_len + response[offset + 1]) & 0xFF != 0:
raise RuntimeError("Response length checksum did not match length!")
# Check frame checksum value matches bytes.
checksum = sum(response[offset + 2 : offset + 2 + frame_len + 1]) & 0xFF
if checksum != 0:
raise RuntimeError(
"Response checksum did not match expected value: ", checksum
)
# Return frame data.
return response[offset + 2 : offset + 2 + frame_len]
def call_function(
self, command, response_length=0, params=[], timeout=1
): # pylint: disable=dangerous-default-value
"""Send specified command to the PN532 and expect up to response_length
bytes back in a response. Note that less than the expected bytes might
be returned! Params can optionally specify an array of bytes to send as
parameters to the function call. Will wait up to timeout seconds
for a response and return a bytearray of response bytes, or None if no
response is available within the timeout.
"""
if not self.send_command(command, params=params, timeout=timeout):
return None
return self.process_response(
command, response_length=response_length, timeout=timeout
)
def send_command(
self, command, params=[], timeout=1
): # pylint: disable=dangerous-default-value
"""Send specified command to the PN532 and wait for an acknowledgment.
Will wait up to timeout seconds for the acknowlegment and return True.
If no acknowlegment is received, False is returned.
"""
if self.low_power:
self._wakeup()
# Build frame data with command and parameters.
data = bytearray(2 + len(params))
data[0] = _HOSTTOPN532
data[1] = command & 0xFF
for i, val in enumerate(params):
data[2 + i] = val
# Send frame and wait for response.
try:
self._write_frame(data)
except OSError:
return False
if not self._wait_ready(timeout):
return False
# Verify ACK response and wait to be ready for function response.
if not _ACK == self._read_data(len(_ACK)):
raise RuntimeError("Did not receive expected ACK from PN532!")
return True
def process_response(self, command, response_length=0, timeout=1):
"""Process the response from the PN532 and expect up to response_length
bytes back in a response. Note that less than the expected bytes might
be returned! Will wait up to timeout seconds for a response and return
a bytearray of response bytes, or None if no response is available
within the timeout.
"""
if not self._wait_ready(timeout):
return None
# Read response bytes.
response = self._read_frame(response_length + 2)
# Check that response is for the called function.
if not (response[0] == _PN532TOHOST and response[1] == (command + 1)):
raise RuntimeError("Received unexpected command response!")
# Return response data.
return response[2:]
def power_down(self):
"""Put the PN532 into a low power state. If the reset pin is connected a
hard power down is performed, if not, a soft power down is performed
instead. Returns True if the PN532 was powered down successfully or
False if not."""
if self._reset_pin: # Hard Power Down if the reset pin is connected
self._reset_pin.value = False
self.low_power = True
else:
# Soft Power Down otherwise. Enable wakeup on I2C, SPI, UART
response = self.call_function(_COMMAND_POWERDOWN, params=[0xB0, 0x00])
self.low_power = response[0] == 0x00
time.sleep(0.005)
return self.low_power
@property
def firmware_version(self):
"""Call PN532 GetFirmwareVersion function and return a tuple with the IC,
Ver, Rev, and Support values.
"""
response = self.call_function(_COMMAND_GETFIRMWAREVERSION, 4, timeout=0.5)
if response is None:
raise RuntimeError("Failed to detect the PN532")
return tuple(response)
def SAM_configuration(self): # pylint: disable=invalid-name
"""Configure the PN532 to read MiFare cards."""
# Send SAM configuration command with configuration for:
# - 0x01, normal mode
# - 0x14, timeout 50ms * 20 = 1 second
# - 0x01, use IRQ pin
# Note that no other verification is necessary as call_function will
# check the command was executed as expected.
self.call_function(_COMMAND_SAMCONFIGURATION, params=[0x01, 0x14, 0x01])
def read_passive_target(self, card_baud=_MIFARE_ISO14443A, timeout=1):
"""Wait for a MiFare card to be available and return its UID when found.
Will wait up to timeout seconds and return None if no card is found,
otherwise a bytearray with the UID of the found card is returned.
"""
# Send passive read command for 1 card. Expect at most a 7 byte UUID.
response = self.listen_for_passive_target(card_baud=card_baud, timeout=timeout)
# If no response is available return None to indicate no card is present.
if not response:
return None
return self.get_passive_target(timeout=timeout)
def listen_for_passive_target(self, card_baud=_MIFARE_ISO14443A, timeout=1):
"""Send command to PN532 to begin listening for a Mifare card. This
returns True if the command was received succesfully. Note, this does
not also return the UID of a card! `get_passive_target` must be called
to read the UID when a card is found. If just looking to see if a card
is currently present use `read_passive_target` instead.
"""
# Send passive read command for 1 card. Expect at most a 7 byte UUID.
try:
response = self.send_command(
_COMMAND_INLISTPASSIVETARGET, params=[0x01, card_baud], timeout=timeout
)
except BusyError:
return False # _COMMAND_INLISTPASSIVETARGET failed
return response
def get_passive_target(self, timeout=1):
"""Will wait up to timeout seconds and return None if no card is found,
otherwise a bytearray with the UID of the found card is returned.
`listen_for_passive_target` must have been called first in order to put
the PN532 into a listening mode.
It can be useful to use this when using the IRQ pin. Use the IRQ pin to
detect when a card is present and then call this function to read the
card's UID. This reduces the amount of time spend checking for a card.
"""
response = self.process_response(
_COMMAND_INLISTPASSIVETARGET, response_length=30, timeout=timeout
)
# If no response is available return None to indicate no card is present.
if response is None:
return None
# Check only 1 card with up to a 7 byte UID is present.
if response[0] != 0x01:
raise RuntimeError("More than one card detected!")
if response[5] > 7:
raise RuntimeError("Found card with unexpectedly long UID!")
# Return UID of card.
return response[6 : 6 + response[5]]
def mifare_classic_authenticate_block(
self, uid, block_number, key_number, key
): # pylint: disable=invalid-name
"""Authenticate specified block number for a MiFare classic card. Uid
should be a byte array with the UID of the card, block number should be
the block to authenticate, key number should be the key type (like
MIFARE_CMD_AUTH_A or MIFARE_CMD_AUTH_B), and key should be a byte array
with the key data. Returns True if the block was authenticated, or False
if not authenticated.
"""
# Build parameters for InDataExchange command to authenticate MiFare card.
uidlen = len(uid)
keylen = len(key)
params = bytearray(3 + uidlen + keylen)
params[0] = 0x01 # Max card numbers
params[1] = key_number & 0xFF
params[2] = block_number & 0xFF
params[3 : 3 + keylen] = key
params[3 + keylen :] = uid
# Send InDataExchange request and verify response is 0x00.
response = self.call_function(
_COMMAND_INDATAEXCHANGE, params=params, response_length=1
)
return response[0] == 0x00
def mifare_classic_read_block(self, block_number):
"""Read a block of data from the card. Block number should be the block
to read. If the block is successfully read a bytearray of length 16 with
data starting at the specified block will be returned. If the block is
not read then None will be returned.
"""
# Send InDataExchange request to read block of MiFare data.
response = self.call_function(
_COMMAND_INDATAEXCHANGE,
params=[0x01, MIFARE_CMD_READ, block_number & 0xFF],
response_length=17,
)
# Check first response is 0x00 to show success.
if response[0] != 0x00:
return None
# Return first 4 bytes since 16 bytes are always returned.
return response[1:]
def mifare_classic_write_block(self, block_number, data):
"""Write a block of data to the card. Block number should be the block
to write and data should be a byte array of length 16 with the data to
write. If the data is successfully written then True is returned,
otherwise False is returned.
"""
assert (
data is not None and len(data) == 16
), "Data must be an array of 16 bytes!"
# Build parameters for InDataExchange command to do MiFare classic write.
params = bytearray(19)
params[0] = 0x01 # Max card numbers
params[1] = MIFARE_CMD_WRITE
params[2] = block_number & 0xFF
params[3:] = data
# Send InDataExchange request.
response = self.call_function(
_COMMAND_INDATAEXCHANGE, params=params, response_length=1
)
return response[0] == 0x0
def ntag2xx_write_block(self, block_number, data):
"""Write a block of data to the card. Block number should be the block
to write and data should be a byte array of length 4 with the data to
write. If the data is successfully written then True is returned,
otherwise False is returned.
"""
assert data is not None and len(data) == 4, "Data must be an array of 4 bytes!"
# Build parameters for InDataExchange command to do NTAG203 classic write.
params = bytearray(3 + len(data))
params[0] = 0x01 # Max card numbers
params[1] = MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_CMD_WRITE
params[2] = block_number & 0xFF
params[3:] = data
# Send InDataExchange request.
response = self.call_function(
_COMMAND_INDATAEXCHANGE, params=params, response_length=1
)
return response[0] == 0x00
def ntag2xx_read_block(self, block_number):
"""Read a block of data from the card. Block number should be the block
to read. If the block is successfully read the first 4 bytes (after the
leading 0x00 byte) will be returned.
If the block is not read then None will be returned.
"""
ntag2xx_block = self.mifare_classic_read_block(block_number)
if ntag2xx_block is not None:
return ntag2xx_block[0:4] # only 4 bytes per page
return None
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