<?php
/**
 * WordPress Coding Standard.
 *
 * @package WPCS\WordPressCodingStandards
 * @link    https://github.com/WordPress/WordPress-Coding-Standards
 * @license https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT MIT
 */

namespace WordPressCS\WordPress\Sniffs\WP;

use PHP_CodeSniffer\Util\Tokens;
use PHPCSUtils\Tokens\Collections;
use PHPCSUtils\Utils\Conditions;
use PHPCSUtils\Utils\Context;
use PHPCSUtils\Utils\Lists;
use PHPCSUtils\Utils\Parentheses;
use PHPCSUtils\Utils\Scopes;
use PHPCSUtils\Utils\TextStrings;
use WordPressCS\WordPress\Helpers\ContextHelper;
use WordPressCS\WordPress\Helpers\IsUnitTestTrait;
use WordPressCS\WordPress\Helpers\ListHelper;
use WordPressCS\WordPress\Helpers\VariableHelper;
use WordPressCS\WordPress\Helpers\WPGlobalVariablesHelper;
use WordPressCS\WordPress\Sniff;

/**
 * Warns about overwriting WordPress native global variables.
 *
 * @since 0.3.0
 * @since 0.4.0  This class now extends the WordPressCS native `Sniff` class.
 * @since 0.12.0 The $wp_globals property has been moved to the `Sniff` class.
 * @since 0.13.0 Class name changed: this class is now namespaced.
 * @since 1.0.0  This sniff has been moved from the `Variables` category to the `WP`
 *               category and renamed from `GlobalVariables` to `GlobalVariablesOverride`.
 * @since 1.1.0  The sniff now also detects variables being overriden in the global namespace.
 * @since 2.2.0  The sniff now also detects variable assignments via the list() construct.
 *
 * @uses \WordPressCS\WordPress\Helpers\IsUnitTestTrait::$custom_test_classes
 */
final class GlobalVariablesOverrideSniff extends Sniff {

	use IsUnitTestTrait;

	/**
	 * Whether to treat all files as if they were included from
	 * within a function.
	 *
	 * This is mostly useful for projects containing views which are being
	 * included from within a function in another file, like themes.
	 *
	 * Note: enabling this is discouraged as there is no guarantee that
	 * the file will *never* be included from the global scope.
	 *
	 * @since 1.1.0
	 *
	 * @var bool
	 */
	public $treat_files_as_scoped = false;

	/**
	 * Allow select variables from the WPGlobalVariablesHelper::$wp_globals array to be overwritten.
	 *
	 * A few select variables in WP Core are _intended_ to be overwritten
	 * by themes/plugins. This sniff should not throw an error for those.
	 *
	 * @since 2.2.0
	 *
	 * @var array<string, true> Key is variable name, value irrelevant.
	 */
	protected $override_allowed = array(
		'content_width'     => true,
		'wp_cockneyreplace' => true,
	);

	/**
	 * Returns an array of tokens this test wants to listen for.
	 *
	 * @since 0.3.0
	 * @since 1.1.0 Added class tokens for improved test classes skipping.
	 *
	 * @return array
	 */
	public function register() {
		$targets  = array(
			\T_GLOBAL,
			\T_VARIABLE,
		);
		$targets += Collections::listOpenTokensBC();

		// Only used to skip over test classes.
		$targets += Tokens::$ooScopeTokens;

		return $targets;
	}

	/**
	 * Processes this test, when one of its tokens is encountered.
	 *
	 * @since 0.3.0
	 * @since 1.1.0 Split the token specific logic off into separate methods.
	 *
	 * @param int $stackPtr The position of the current token in the stack.
	 *
	 * @return int|void Integer stack pointer to skip forward or void to continue
	 *                  normal file processing.
	 */
	public function process_token( $stackPtr ) {

		$token = $this->tokens[ $stackPtr ];

		// Ignore variable overrides in test classes.
		if ( isset( Tokens::$ooScopeTokens[ $token['code'] ] ) ) {

			if ( true === $this->is_test_class( $this->phpcsFile, $stackPtr )
				&& $token['scope_condition'] === $stackPtr
				&& isset( $token['scope_closer'] )
			) {
				// Skip forward to end of test class.
				return $token['scope_closer'];
			}

			// Otherwise ignore the tokens as they were only registered to enable skipping over test classes.
			return;
		}

		/*
		 * Examine variables within a function scope based on a `global` statement in the
		 * function.
		 * Examine variables not within a function scope, but within a list construct, based
		 * on that.
		 * Examine variables not within a function scope and access to the `$GLOBALS`
		 * variable based on the variable token.
		 *
		 * Note: No special handling here for code found within PHP 7.4+ arrow functions.
		 * Arrow functions are "open", i.e. they have by value access to variables in the
		 * surrounding scope, but they cannot modify the value.
		 * Additionally, as they can only have one statement, a `global` statement _within_
		 * an arrow function declaration will lead to a parse error as the result is
		 * not a returnable value.
		 */
		$in_function_scope = Conditions::hasCondition( $this->phpcsFile, $stackPtr, array( \T_FUNCTION, \T_CLOSURE ) );

		if ( isset( Collections::listOpenTokensBC()[ $token['code'] ] )
			&& false === $in_function_scope
			&& false === $this->treat_files_as_scoped
		) {
			return $this->process_list_assignment( $stackPtr );
		} elseif ( \T_VARIABLE === $token['code']
			&& ( '$GLOBALS' === $token['content']
				|| ( false === $in_function_scope && false === $this->treat_files_as_scoped ) )
		) {
			return $this->process_variable_assignment( $stackPtr );
		} elseif ( \T_GLOBAL === $token['code']
			&& ( true === $in_function_scope || true === $this->treat_files_as_scoped )
		) {
			return $this->process_global_statement( $stackPtr, $in_function_scope );
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Check that global variables declared via a list construct are prefixed.
	 *
	 * {@internal No need to take special measures for nested lists. Nested or not,
	 * each list part can only contain one variable being written to.}
	 *
	 * @since 2.2.0
	 *
	 * @param int $stackPtr The position of the current token in the stack.
	 *
	 * @return int|void Integer stack pointer to skip forward or void to continue
	 *                  normal file processing.
	 */
	protected function process_list_assignment( $stackPtr ) {
		$list_open_close = Lists::getOpenClose( $this->phpcsFile, $stackPtr );
		if ( false === $list_open_close ) {
			// Short array, not short list.
			return;
		}

		$var_pointers = ListHelper::get_list_variables( $this->phpcsFile, $stackPtr );
		foreach ( $var_pointers as $ptr ) {
			$this->process_variable_assignment( $ptr, true );
		}

		// No need to re-examine these variables.
		return $list_open_close['closer'];
	}

	/**
	 * Check that defined global variables are prefixed.
	 *
	 * @since 1.1.0 Logic was previously contained in the process_token() method.
	 *
	 * @param int  $stackPtr The position of the current token in the stack.
	 * @param bool $in_list  Whether or not this is a variable in a list assignment.
	 *                       Defaults to false.
	 *
	 * @return void
	 */
	protected function process_variable_assignment( $stackPtr, $in_list = false ) {

		$token    = $this->tokens[ $stackPtr ];
		$var_name = substr( $token['content'], 1 ); // Strip the dollar sign.
		$data     = array();

		// Determine the variable name for `$GLOBALS['array_key']`.
		if ( 'GLOBALS' === $var_name ) {
			$bracketPtr = $this->phpcsFile->findNext( Tokens::$emptyTokens, ( $stackPtr + 1 ), null, true );

			if ( false === $bracketPtr
				|| \T_OPEN_SQUARE_BRACKET !== $this->tokens[ $bracketPtr ]['code']
				|| ! isset( $this->tokens[ $bracketPtr ]['bracket_closer'] )
			) {
				return;
			}

			// Retrieve the array key and avoid getting tripped up by some simple obfuscation.
			$var_name = '';
			$start    = ( $bracketPtr + 1 );
			for ( $ptr = $start; $ptr < $this->tokens[ $bracketPtr ]['bracket_closer']; $ptr++ ) {
				/*
				 * If the globals array key contains a variable, constant, function call
				 * or interpolated variable, bow out.
				 */
				if ( \T_VARIABLE === $this->tokens[ $ptr ]['code']
					|| \T_STRING === $this->tokens[ $ptr ]['code']
					|| \T_DOUBLE_QUOTED_STRING === $this->tokens[ $ptr ]['code']
				) {
					return;
				}

				if ( \T_CONSTANT_ENCAPSED_STRING === $this->tokens[ $ptr ]['code'] ) {
					$var_name .= TextStrings::stripQuotes( $this->tokens[ $ptr ]['content'] );
				}
			}

			if ( '' === $var_name ) {
				// Shouldn't happen, but just in case.
				return;
			}

			// Set up the data for the error message.
			$data[] = '$GLOBALS[\'' . $var_name . '\']';
		}

		/*
		 * Is this one of the WP global variables ?
		 */
		if ( WPGlobalVariablesHelper::is_wp_global( $var_name ) === false ) {
			return;
		}

		/*
		 * Is this one of the WP global variables which are allowed to be overwritten ?
		 */
		if ( isset( $this->override_allowed[ $var_name ] ) === true ) {
			return;
		}

		/*
		 * Check if the variable value is being changed.
		 */
		if ( false === $in_list
			&& false === VariableHelper::is_assignment( $this->phpcsFile, $stackPtr )
			&& Context::inForeachCondition( $this->phpcsFile, $stackPtr ) !== 'afterAs'
		) {
			return;
		}

		/*
		 * Function parameters with the same name as a WP global variable are fine,
		 * including when they are being assigned a default value.
		 */
		if ( false === $in_list ) {
			$functionPtr = Parentheses::getLastOwner( $this->phpcsFile, $stackPtr, Collections::functionDeclarationTokens() );
			if ( false !== $functionPtr ) {
				return;
			}

			unset( $functionPtr );
		}

		/*
		 * Class property declarations with the same name as WP global variables are fine.
		 */
		if ( false === $in_list && true === Scopes::isOOProperty( $this->phpcsFile, $stackPtr ) ) {
			return;
		}

		// Still here ? In that case, the WP global variable is being tampered with.
		$this->add_error( $stackPtr, $data );
	}

	/**
	 * Check that global variables imported into a function scope using a global statement
	 * are not being overruled.
	 *
	 * @since 1.1.0 Logic was previously contained in the process_token() method.
	 *
	 * @param int  $stackPtr          The position of the current token in the stack.
	 * @param bool $in_function_scope Whether the global statement is within a scoped function/closure.
	 *
	 * @return void
	 */
	protected function process_global_statement( $stackPtr, $in_function_scope ) {
		/*
		 * Collect the variables to watch for.
		 */
		$search           = array();
		$ptr              = ( $stackPtr + 1 );
		$end_of_statement = $this->phpcsFile->findNext( array( \T_SEMICOLON, \T_CLOSE_TAG ), $ptr );

		while ( isset( $this->tokens[ $ptr ] ) && $ptr < $end_of_statement ) {
			if ( \T_VARIABLE === $this->tokens[ $ptr ]['code'] ) {
				$var_name = substr( $this->tokens[ $ptr ]['content'], 1 );
				if ( WPGlobalVariablesHelper::is_wp_global( $var_name )
					&& isset( $this->override_allowed[ $var_name ] ) === false
				) {
					$search[ $this->tokens[ $ptr ]['content'] ] = true;
				}
			}

			++$ptr;
		}

		if ( empty( $search ) ) {
			return;
		}

		/*
		 * Search for assignments to the imported global variables within the relevant scope.
		 */
		$start = $ptr;
		if ( true === $in_function_scope ) {
			$functionPtr = Conditions::getLastCondition( $this->phpcsFile, $stackPtr, Collections::functionDeclarationTokens() );
			if ( isset( $this->tokens[ $functionPtr ]['scope_closer'] ) === false ) {
				// Live coding or parse error.
				return;
			}
			$end = $this->tokens[ $functionPtr ]['scope_closer'];
		} else {
			// Global statement in the global namespace in a file which is being treated as scoped.
			$end = $this->phpcsFile->numTokens;
		}

		for ( $ptr = $start; $ptr < $end; $ptr++ ) {

			// Skip over nested functions, classes and the likes.
			if ( isset( Collections::closedScopes()[ $this->tokens[ $ptr ]['code'] ] ) ) {
				if ( ! isset( $this->tokens[ $ptr ]['scope_closer'] ) ) {
					// Live coding or parse error.
					break;
				}

				$ptr = $this->tokens[ $ptr ]['scope_closer'];
				continue;
			}

			// Make sure to recognize assignments to variables in a list construct.
			if ( isset( Collections::listOpenTokensBC()[ $this->tokens[ $ptr ]['code'] ] ) ) {
				$list_open_close = Lists::getOpenClose( $this->phpcsFile, $ptr );

				if ( false === $list_open_close ) {
					// Short array, not short list.
					continue;
				}

				$var_pointers = ListHelper::get_list_variables( $this->phpcsFile, $ptr );
				foreach ( $var_pointers as $ptr ) {
					$var_name = $this->tokens[ $ptr ]['content'];
					if ( '$GLOBALS' === $var_name ) {
						$var_name = '$' . TextStrings::stripQuotes( VariableHelper::get_array_access_key( $this->phpcsFile, $ptr ) );
					}

					if ( isset( $search[ $var_name ] ) ) {
						$this->process_variable_assignment( $ptr, true );
					}
				}

				// No need to re-examine these variables.
				$ptr = $list_open_close['closer'];
				continue;
			}

			if ( \T_VARIABLE !== $this->tokens[ $ptr ]['code'] ) {
				continue;
			}

			if ( isset( $search[ $this->tokens[ $ptr ]['content'] ] ) === false ) {
				// Not one of the variables we're interested in.
				continue;
			}

			// Don't throw false positives for static class properties.
			if ( ContextHelper::has_object_operator_before( $this->phpcsFile, $ptr ) === true ) {
				continue;
			}

			if ( true === VariableHelper::is_assignment( $this->phpcsFile, $ptr ) ) {
				$this->add_error( $ptr );
				continue;
			}

			// Check if this is a variable assignment within a `foreach()` declaration.
			if ( Context::inForeachCondition( $this->phpcsFile, $ptr ) === 'afterAs' ) {
				$this->add_error( $ptr );
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Add the error.
	 *
	 * @since 1.1.0
	 *
	 * @param int   $stackPtr The position of the token to throw the error for.
	 * @param array $data     Optional. Array containing one entry holding the
	 *                        name of the variable being overruled.
	 *                        Defaults to the 'content' of the $stackPtr token.
	 *
	 * @return void
	 */
	protected function add_error( $stackPtr, $data = array() ) {
		if ( empty( $data ) ) {
			$data[] = $this->tokens[ $stackPtr ]['content'];
		}

		$this->phpcsFile->addError(
			'Overriding WordPress globals is prohibited. Found assignment to %s',
			$stackPtr,
			'Prohibited',
			$data
		);
	}
}