#!/usr/bin/perl # # D-Link DSL-502T flash utility # # Copyright (c) 2007 Oliver Jowett <oliver@opencloud.com> # # Based on adam2flash.pl for the D-Link DSL-G6x4T, which is: # Copyright (C) 2005 Felix Fietkau <mailto@nbd.name> # based on fbox recovery util by Enrik Berkhan # # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA # # The default DSL-502T mtd map looks like this: # # mtd0 0x90091000,0x903f0000 # filesystem # mtd1 0x90010090,0x90091000 # kernel # mtd2 0x90000000,0x90010000 # bootloader - DO NOT MODIFY # mtd3 0x903f0000,0x90400000 # config space - DO NOT MODIFY # mtd4 0x90010000,0x903f0000 # firmware signature + kernel + filesystem, used to flash new firmware # # i.e. the flash layout is: # # 90000000-9000FFFF mtd2 bootloader # 90010000-9001008F ---- firmware signature ) # 90010090-90090FFF mtd1 kernel ) mtd4 spans these three regions # 90091000-903EFFFF mtd0 filesystem ) # 903F0000-903FFFFF mtd3 config space # # The ADAM2 bootloader uses the mtd1 settings to find the start of the image to boot. # The image to load contains information about the loadable size of the image. If ADAM2 sees # that the image appears to extend beyond the end of mtd1, it will refuse to load it. On # the DSL-502T, this manifests as the USB light blinking rapidly on boot. # # The OpenWRT kernel does not follow quite the same layout: # (a) it does not have a 0x90-byte firmware signature prefix # (b) it is larger than the default mtd1 size # # (a) would be avoidable (build a custom image with a 0x90-byte prefix) but (b) is unavoidable. # So we *have* to change mtd1. The simplest thing to do seems to make it span all of # the flashable area, producing this layout: # # mtd0 0x90091000,0x903f0000 # filesystem # mtd1 0x90010000,0x903f0000 # kernel (CHANGED) # mtd2 0x90000000,0x90010000 # bootloader - DO NOT MODIFY # mtd3 0x903f0000,0x90400000 # config space - DO NOT MODIFY # mtd4 0x90010000,0x903f0000 # kernel + filesystem, used to flash new firmware # # *** NOTE NOTE NOTE NOTE *** # # /dev/mtd0 .. /dev/mtd4 when using OpenWRT do **NOT** correspond to the ADAM2 mtd0-4 settings! # Instead, OpenWRT scans the MTD itself and determines its own boundaries which are arranged # quite differently to ADAM2. It will look something like this, see dmsg on boot: # # (/dev/mtd0) 0x00000000-0x00010000 : "loader" # Bootloader, read-only # (/dev/mtd1) 0x003f0000-0x00400000 : "config" # Config space # (/dev/mtd2) 0x00010000-0x003f0000 : "linux" # Firmware area (kernel + root fs + JFFS area) # (/dev/mtd3) 0x000d0d58-0x003f0000 : "rootfs" # Root FS, starts immediately after kernel # (/dev/mtd4) 0x00280000-0x003f0000 : "rootfs_data" # If rootfs is squashfs, start of JFFS area. # # All of those boundaries are autodetected by examining the data in flash. # # *** NOTE NOTE NOTE NOTE *** use IO::Socket::INET; use Socket; use strict; use warnings; sub usage() { print STDERR "Usage: $0 <ip> [-setmtd1] [-noflash] [firmware.bin]\n\n"; print STDERR "Acquires the ADAM2 bootloader of a D-Link DSL-504T at <ip>\n"; print STDERR "Power off the device, start this script, then power it on.\n"; print STDERR "<ip> may be any spare address on the local subnet.\n\n"; print STDERR "If a firmware file is specified, MTD settings are verified and\n"; print STDERR "then the firmware is written to the router's flash.\n"; print STDERR "The firmware type (D-Link or OpenWRT) is automatically detected.\n\n"; print STDERR " -setmtd1 update mtd1 if it is not the appropriate value for this firmware\n"; print STDERR " -noflash does normal checks, updates mtd1 if requested, but does not actually write firmware\n\n"; exit 0; } my $ip = shift @ARGV; $ip and $ip =~ /\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}/ or usage(); my $probe = IO::Socket::INET->new(Proto => 'udp', Broadcast => 1, LocalPort => 5035) or die "socket: $!"; my $setip = unpack("N", inet_aton($ip)); $setip > 0 or usage(); my @packets; foreach my $ver ([18, 1], [22, 2]) { push @packets, pack("vCCVNV", 0, @$ver, 1, $setip, 0); } print STDERR "Looking for device: "; my $broadcast = sockaddr_in(5035, INADDR_BROADCAST); my $scanning; my $box; $SIG{"ALRM"} = sub { return if --$scanning <= 0; foreach my $packet (@packets) { $probe->send($packet, 0, $broadcast); } print STDERR "."; }; $scanning = 15; foreach my $packet (@packets) { $probe->send($packet, 0, $broadcast); } print STDERR "."; while($scanning) { my $reply; alarm(1); if (my $peer = $probe->recv($reply, 16)) { next if (length($reply) < 16); my ($port, $addr) = sockaddr_in($peer); my ($major, $minor1, $minor2, $code, $addr2) = unpack("vCCVV", $reply); $addr2 = pack("N", $addr2); if ($code == 2) { $scanning = 0; printf STDERR " found!\nADAM2 version $major.$minor1.$minor2 at %s (%s)\n", inet_ntoa($addr), inet_ntoa($addr2); $box = inet_ntoa($addr); } } } $box or die " not found!\n"; { package ADAM2FTP; use base qw(Net::FTP); # ADAM2 requires upper case commands, some brain dead firewall doesn't ;-) sub _USER { shift->command("USER",@_)->response() } sub _GETENV { my $ftp = shift; my ($ok, $name, $value); $ftp->command("GETENV",@_); while(length($ok = $ftp->response()) < 1) { my $line = $ftp->getline(); unless (defined($value)) { chomp($line); ($name, $value) = split(/\s+/, $line, 2); } } $ftp->debug_print(0, "getenv: $value\n") if $ftp->debug(); return $value; } sub getenv { my $ftp = shift; my $name = shift; return $ftp->_GETENV($name); } sub _REBOOT { shift->command("REBOOT")->response() == Net::FTP::CMD_OK } sub reboot { my $ftp = shift; $ftp->_REBOOT; $ftp->close; } } my $file; my $arg; my $noflash = 0; my $setmtd1 = 0; while ($arg = shift @ARGV) { if ($arg eq "-noflash") { $noflash = 1; } elsif ($arg eq "-setmtd1") { $setmtd1 = 1; } else { $file = $arg; } } if (!$file) { print STDERR "No firmware file specified, exiting.\n"; exit 0; } # # Firmware checks # open FILE, "<$file" or die "can't open firmware file\n"; # D-Link firmware starts with "MTD4" little-endian, then has an image header at 0x90 # OpenWRT firmware just starts with an image header at 0x00 my $signature; my $sbytes = read FILE, $signature, 4; ($sbytes == 4) or die "can't read firmware signature: $!"; my $expectedmtd4 = "0x90010000,0x903f0000"; my $fwtype; my $expectedmtd1; if ($signature eq "4DTM") { seek FILE, 0x90, 0 or die "can't read firmware signature: $!"; $sbytes = read FILE, $signature, 4; ($sbytes == 4) or die "can't read firmware signature: $!"; if ($signature eq "\x42\xfa\xed\xfe") { $fwtype = "D-Link (little-endian)"; $expectedmtd1 = "0x90010090,0x90091000"; } elsif ($signature eq "\xde\xad\xbe\x42") { $fwtype = "D-Link (big-endian)"; $expectedmtd1 = "0x90010090,0x90091000"; } } elsif ($signature eq "\x42\xfa\xed\xfe") { $fwtype = "OpenWRT (little-endian)"; $expectedmtd1 = "0x90010000,0x903f0000"; } elsif ($signature eq "\xde\xad\xbe\x42") { $fwtype = "OpenWRT (big-endian)"; $expectedmtd1 = "0x90010000,0x903f0000"; } $fwtype or die "Unknown firmware signature (are you sure that's the right firmware?)"; print STDERR "Firmware type: $fwtype\n"; # # Bootloader login # print STDERR "logging into ADAM2 bootloader.. "; my $ftp = ADAM2FTP->new($box, Debug => 0, Timeout => 600) or die "can't open control connection\n"; $ftp->login("adam2", "adam2") or die "can't login\n"; print STDERR "ok.\n"; # # Hardware checks # print STDERR "checking hardware.. "; my $prd = $ftp->getenv("ProductID"); my $usb = $ftp->getenv("usb_prod"); print STDERR "$prd / $usb.\n"; ($prd eq "AR7RD" || $prd eq "AR7DB") or die "doesn't look like a DSL-502T?"; ($usb eq "DSL-502T") or die "doesn't look like a DSL-502T?"; # # MTD checks and update # print STDERR "checking MTD settings.. "; my $mtd4 = $ftp->getenv("mtd4"); ($mtd4 eq $expectedmtd4) or die "MTD4 was not as expected (should be '$expectedmtd4', was '$mtd4'). Cowardly refusing to do anything about it!"; # check MTD1 setting and update if needed my $mtd1 = $ftp->getenv("mtd1"); if ($mtd1 ne $expectedmtd1) { die "MTD1 was not as expected (should be '$expectedmtd1', was '$mtd1'). Run with -setmtd1 to reset mtd1" unless ($setmtd1); print STDERR "Setting mtd1.. "; ($ftp->command("SETENV","mtd1,$expectedmtd1")->response() == Net::FTP::CMD_OK) or die "can't set mtd1"; $file = shift @ARGV; } print STDERR "ok.\n"; # # Firmware size check # my $fwsize = (stat(FILE))[7]; printf STDERR "Firmware size: 0x%08x\n", $fwsize; my $flashsize; $mtd4 =~ /^(0x\w+),(0x\w+)$/ and $flashsize = hex($2) - hex($1); printf STDERR "Available flash space: 0x%08x\n", $flashsize; die "firmware is too large" if ($flashsize < $fwsize); # # Flash it! # if ($noflash) { print STDERR "Not flashing firmware as -noflash was specified.\n"; exit 0; } seek FILE, 0, 0, or die "can't seek in firmware: $!"; print STDERR "Preparing to flash.. "; ($ftp->command("MEDIA FLSH")->response() == Net::FTP::CMD_OK) or die "can't set MEDIA FLSH"; $ftp->binary() or die "can't set binary mode"; print STDERR "ok.\n"; print STDERR "Erasing flash and establishing data connection (this may take a while): "; my $dc = $ftp->stor("fs mtd4"); $dc or die "can't open data connection: $!\n"; print STDERR "ok.\n"; print STDERR "Writing firmware: "; while ($fwsize > 0) { my $buffer; my $len = ($fwsize > 1024 ? 1024 : $fwsize); my $rbytes = read FILE, $buffer, $len; ($rbytes < 0) and die "read error on firmware file: $!"; ($rbytes == $len) or die "short read on firmware file ($rbytes < $len)"; my $wbytes = $dc->write($buffer, $len, 600); ($wbytes < 0) and die "write error on FTP data connection: $!"; ($rbytes == $wbytes) or die "short write on FTP data connection ($wbytes < $rbytes)"; $fwsize -= $len; print STDERR "."; } $dc->close(); print STDERR " done.\n"; # # Reboot # print STDERR "Rebooting device.\n"; $ftp->reboot();